Tajen in Balinese Culture: Reassessing Cockfighting's Role Beyond Gambling

Abstract

This article reassesses the cultural meaning of tajen (cockfighting) in Balinese society by emphasizing the distinction between the sacred practice of tabuh rah and the secular activity of brandangan. While tajen has often been reduced to a form of gambling, historically and religiously it is rooted in yadnya, or ritual offerings, within Balinese Hindu tradition. Using a qualitative approach through ethnomethodology, interviews, and participant observation, this study explores the perspectives of traditional leaders, priests, and community practitioners of tajen. The findings reveal that tabuh rah is regarded as an indispensable sacrificial rite for maintaining cosmic balance, whereas brandangan is more associated with entertainment and the risk of gambling practices. Philosophical, sociological, and religious analyses demonstrate that the ethical value of tajen is determined by intention and context rather than its outward form. This article emphasizes the importance of revitalizing the sacred meaning of tajen to disentangle it from the stigma of gambling while preserving Balinese cultural and spiritual heritage. Thus, tajen should not be understood merely as profane entertainment, but as a religious expression reflecting the philosophy of Tri Hita Karana and strengthening communal identity within Balinese society