Application of Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) which Utilize Balinese Indigenous Insight in School Learning

Abstract

Modern educational methodology demands students to demonstrate the ability to think critically, creatively, and contextually about their socio-cultural environment. However, the results of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) in 2022 show that Indonesia's literacy achievement is still low, so innovative learning strategies that are relevant to students' real lives are needed. This research focuses on the following questions: (1) How is the utilization of Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) which utilize Balinese indigenous insight in SD 5 Pemuteran? and (2) How effective is its application in enhancing the effectiveness of instruction and character formation of students? The intention of the investigation is to describe and analyze the implementation of CTL which utilize Balinese indigenous insight as a contextual learning model in elementary schools. The investigation utilizes a qualitative descriptive methodology with participants consisting of teachers, students, and principals. The insights got through inquiry, observation, and record keeping, subsequently evaluated using Miles and Huberman's interactive model. The results of the study show that teachers have applied CTL principles such as constructivism, inquiry, and learning community, as well as integrating local values such as Tri Hita Karana, Menyama Braya, and Tat Twam Asi in learning. This integration makes students more active, critical, and have a strong social-spiritual character. This study concludes that the implementation of CTL based on Balinese local wisdom not only improves the academic quality of students but also instills universal cultural and moral values that support the vision of national character education.